Mental Health Care Plan - Mind Reader Services - Brimbank - Melbourne - Victoria - Australia - NDIS

What Are Mental Health Disorders?

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Mental health disorders (also called mental illnesses or psychiatric disorders) are conditions that affect mood, thinking, and behavior. They are classified primarily by two major systems:

 

DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) by the American Psychiatric Association.

ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases) by the World Health Organization. 

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Main Categories of Mental Health Disorders

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Anxiety Disorders

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• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

• Panic Disorder

• Social Anxiety Disorder

• Specific Phobias

• Agoraphobia

• Separation Anxiety Disorder

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Mood Disorders

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• Major Depressive Disorder

• Bipolar Disorder

• Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

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Trauma and Stress Related Disorders

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• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

• Acute Stress Disorder

• Adjustment Disorders

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Obsessive- Compulsive and Related Disorders

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• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• Body Dysmorphic Disorder

• Hoarding Disorder

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Eating Disorders

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• Anorexia Nervosa

• Bulimia Nervosa

• Binge Eating Disorder

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Neurodevelopmental Disorders​

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• Autism Spectrum Disorder

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Personality Disorders

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• Borderline Personality Disorder

• Narcissistic Personality Disorder

• Antisocial Personality Disorder​

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Psychotic Disorders

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• Schizophrenia

• Schizoaffective Disorder

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Dissociative Disorders

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• Dissociative Identity Disorder

• Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

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Substance Use Disorders

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• Alcohol Use Disorder

• Opioid Use Disorder

• Drug Use Disorder

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Other Categories

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• Sleep-Wake Disorders

• Sexual Dysfunctions

• Neurocognitive Disorders (e.g., Dementia)

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Mental health refers to a person’s emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and behave in daily life.

 

Good mental health helps us cope with stress, build healthy relationships, work productively, and make sound decisions.

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Key aspects of mental health

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• Emotional well-being: Managing emotions like happiness, sadness, anger, and anxiety in a balanced way.

• Cognitive functioning: Clear thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making.

• Social connections: Maintaining positive relationships and feeling connected to others.

• Resilience: The ability to adapt and recover from challenges or setbacks.

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Mental health is just as important as physical health. Conditions like depression, anxiety, and stress disorders can affect anyone, regardless of age or background. Taking care of mental health involves healthy habits such as regular exercise, good sleep, social support, and seeking professional help when needed.

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Mental health issues usually arise from a combination of factors, rather than a single cause. Experts group these into biological, psychological, and social/environmental influences. Here’s an overview:

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✅ 1. Biological Causes

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• Genetics: Mental illnesses often run in families. For example, having a parent with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder increases your risk, though it doesn’t guarantee you’ll develop the condition.

• Brain Chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine can lead to depression, anxiety, and other disorders.

• Physical Health: Chronic illnesses (e.g., diabetes, thyroid disorders, Parkinson’s disease) and brain injuries can trigger mental health problems.

• Prenatal Factors: Exposure to toxins, infections, or complications during pregnancy can affect brain development.
   

✅ 2. Psychological Causes

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• Trauma and Abuse: Severe emotional, physical, or sexual abuse—especially in childhood—significantly raises the risk of conditions like PTSD, depression, and anxiety.

• Loss and Stress: Bereavement, divorce, or major life changes can lead to mental health struggles.

• Personality and Coping Skills: Low self-esteem, poor coping strategies, and negative thinking patterns increase vulnerability.
   

✅ 3. Social and Environmental Causes

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• Social Isolation: Loneliness and lack of support networks are major risk factors.

• Poverty and Inequality: Financial stress, unemployment, and poor housing conditions contribute to mental health issues.

• Discrimination and Stigma: Experiencing racism, sexism, or other forms of discrimination can lead to chronic stress and depression.

• Substance Abuse: Alcohol and drug misuse often co-occur with mental health disorders.
   

Key Insight

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Mental health problems are multifactorial—they result from the interaction of these factors. For example, someone with a genetic predisposition may never develop a disorder unless triggered by trauma or chronic stress. This is why the biopsychosocial model is widely used in mental health care.

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Resolving mental health issues often requires a multi-faceted approach, because these challenges can stem from biological, psychological, and social factors. Here are some effective ways:

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✅ 1. Professional Help

• Therapy and Counseling: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), psychotherapy, and counseling help individuals manage thoughts and emotions.

• Medication: For conditions like depression or anxiety, doctors may prescribe antidepressants or mood stabilizers.

• Early Intervention: Seeking help early prevents issues from worsening.

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✅ 2. Lifestyle Changes

• Regular Exercise: Physical activity boosts mood by releasing endorphins.

• Balanced Diet: Nutrient-rich foods support brain health.

• Adequate Sleep: Poor sleep can worsen anxiety and depression.

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✅ 3. Stress Management

• Mindfulness and Meditation: Practices like yoga and breathing exercises reduce stress.

• Time Management: Organizing tasks lowers overwhelm.

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✅ 4. Social Support

• Stay Connected: Talking to friends and family reduces feelings of isolation.

• Support Groups: Sharing experiences with others facing similar challenges can be healing.

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✅ 5. Avoid Harmful Coping

• Limit Alcohol and Drugs: Substance abuse worsens mental health.

• Reduce Screen Time: Excessive social media use can increase anxiety and comparison stress.

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✅ 6. Education and Awareness

• Learn About Mental Health: Understanding symptoms and triggers helps in managing them.

• Fight Stigma: Open conversations encourage seeking help without shame.

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Starting therapy can feel overwhelming at first, but breaking it down into steps makes it easier. Here’s a practical guide:

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✅ 1. Recognize the Need

• Ask yourself: Am I struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, or relationship issues?

• Therapy is for anyone—not just those in crisis. If you feel stuck or overwhelmed, it’s a good sign to start.

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✅ 2. Decide on the Type of Therapy

• Individual therapy: One-on-one sessions with a therapist.

• Group therapy: Sessions with others facing similar challenges.

• Couples/family therapy: For relationship or family issues.

• Specialized approaches: CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), mindfulness-based therapy, etc.

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✅ 3. Find a Qualified Therapist

• Search through trusted directories like Psychology Today, BetterHelp, or local mental health services.

• Check credentials: Licensed psychologist, counselor, or psychiatrist.

• Consider cultural fit, language, and specialization.

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✅ 4. Check Practical Details​

• Location: In-person or online sessions?

• Schedule: Weekly or bi-weekly sessions?

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✅ 5. Prepare for the First Session

• Write down your main concerns and goals.

• Be honest about what you’re feeling therapists are trained to help without judgment.

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✅ 6. Commit to the Process

• Therapy takes time. Progress often happens gradually.

• Be open to feedback and practice coping strategies outside sessions.

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